Non-Directed C-H Arylation of Anisole Derivatives via Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis.

Non-directed C-H arylation is one of the most efficient methods to synthesize biaryl compounds without the need of the prefuctionalization of starting materials, or the installment and removal of directing groups on the substrate. A direct C-H arylation of simple arenes as limiting reactants remains a challenge. Here we disclose a non-directed C-H arylation of anisole derivatives as limiting reagents with aryl iodides under mild reaction conditions. The arylated products are obtained in synthetically useful yields and the arylation of bioactive molecules is also demonstrated. Key to the success of this methodology is the use of a one-step synthesized S,O-ligand.

meta-C-H Arylation of Aniline Derivatives via Palladium/ S,O-Ligand/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis.

Aromatic amines are ubiquitous moieties in organic molecules and their direct functionalization is of great interest in many research areas due to their prevalence in pharmaceuticals and organic electronics. While several synthetic tools exist for the ortho- and para-functionalization of anilines, the functionalization of the less reactive meta-position is not easy to achieve with current methods. To date, the meta-C-H arylation of aniline derivatives has been restricted to either the use of directing groups & templates, or their transformation into anilides & quaternary anilinium salts. Herein, we report the first general and efficient meta-C-H-arylation of non-directed aniline derivatives via cooperative catalysis with a palladium-S,O-ligand-norbornene system. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions with a wide range of aniline derivatives and aryl iodides, while being operationally simple and scalable. Our preliminary mechanistic investigation-including the isolation of several palladium complexes and deuterium experiments-reveal useful insights into the substituent-effects of both the aniline-substrate and the norbornene-mediator during the meta-C-H activation step.

Percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications / Reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con sutura reabsorbible: resultados y complicaciones

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study including patients treated for an achilles tendon rupture from January 2016 to March 2019 was conducted. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional (2–8cm proximal to insertion) achilles tendon ruptures. Open or partial ruptures were excluded. The diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and confirmed by ultrasonography in all patients. Epidemiological data, rupture and healing risk factors, previous diagnosis of tendinopathy, pre-rupture sport activity, job information, mechanism of rupture and the time in days between lesion and surgery were collected. Patients were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) at the 1, 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The achilles tendon rupture score (ATRS) were assessed at the 6 and 12 month follow-up. Ultrasound was performed at the 6-month follow-up. The re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were also collected. Conclusions: In our experience, percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with an acute achilles tendon rupture has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, this complication would be avoided in patients treated conservatively. For this reason, conservative treatment associated with an early weightbearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with achilles tendon ruptures, mainly in cooperative young patients.(AU)

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es evaluar los resultados clínicos y las complicaciones de la reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo que incluye pacientes tratados por una rotura del tendón de Aquiles desde enero de 2016 hasta marzo de 2019. Criterios de inclusión: ≥18años de edad, roturas del tendón de Aquiles no insercionales (de 2 a 8cm proximales a la inserción). Se excluyeron roturas abiertas o parciales. El diagnóstico se basó en criterios clínicos y se confirmó mediante ecografía en todos los pacientes. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos, factores de riesgo de rotura y cicatrización, diagnóstico previo de tendinopatía, actividad deportiva previa a la rotura, información laboral, mecanismo de rotura y tiempo en días entre la lesión y la cirugía. Los pacientes fueron evaluados utilizando la escala analógica visual (VAS) en el seguimiento de 1, 3, 6 y 12meses. La puntuación de rotura del tendón de Aquiles (ATRS) se evaluó a los 6 y 12meses de seguimiento. La ecografía se realizó a los 6meses de seguimiento. También se recogieron la tasa de re-ruptura y las complicaciones postoperatorias. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles en pacientes con rotura aguda del tendón de Aquiles ha mostrado buenos resultados funcionales pero con una alta incidencia de complicaciones. Aunque la mayoría de las complicaciones fueron síntomas transitorios del nervio sural, esta complicación se evitaría en pacientes tratados de forma conservadora. Por esta razón, el tratamiento conservador asociado a un protocolo de rehabilitación con carga temprana debe considerarse una opción viable para pacientes con roturas del tendón de Aquiles, principalmente en pacientes jóvenes colaboradores.(AU)

Reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con sutura reabsorbible: resultados y complicaciones / Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study including patients treated for an achilles tendon rupture from January 2016 to March 2019 was conducted. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional (2–8cm proximal to insertion) achilles tendon ruptures. Open or partial ruptures were excluded. The diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and confirmed by ultrasonography in all patients. Epidemiological data, rupture and healing risk factors, previous diagnosis of tendinopathy, pre-rupture sport activity, job information, mechanism of rupture and the time in days between lesion and surgery were collected. Patients were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) at the 1, 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The achilles tendon rupture score (ATRS) were assessed at the 6 and 12 month follow-up. Ultrasound was performed at the 6-month follow-up. The re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were also collected. Conclusions: In our experience, percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with an acute achilles tendon rupture has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, this complication would be avoided in patients treated conservatively. For this reason, conservative treatment associated with an early weightbearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with achilles tendon ruptures, mainly in cooperative young patients.(AU)

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es evaluar los resultados clínicos y las complicaciones de la reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo que incluye pacientes tratados por una rotura del tendón de Aquiles desde enero de 2016 hasta marzo de 2019. Criterios de inclusión: ≥18años de edad, roturas del tendón de Aquiles no insercionales (de 2 a 8cm proximales a la inserción). Se excluyeron roturas abiertas o parciales. El diagnóstico se basó en criterios clínicos y se confirmó mediante ecografía en todos los pacientes. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos, factores de riesgo de rotura y cicatrización, diagnóstico previo de tendinopatía, actividad deportiva previa a la rotura, información laboral, mecanismo de rotura y tiempo en días entre la lesión y la cirugía. Los pacientes fueron evaluados utilizando la escala analógica visual (VAS) en el seguimiento de 1, 3, 6 y 12meses. La puntuación de rotura del tendón de Aquiles (ATRS) se evaluó a los 6 y 12meses de seguimiento. La ecografía se realizó a los 6meses de seguimiento. También se recogieron la tasa de re-ruptura y las complicaciones postoperatorias. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia, la reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles en pacientes con rotura aguda del tendón de Aquiles ha mostrado buenos resultados funcionales pero con una alta incidencia de complicaciones. Aunque la mayoría de las complicaciones fueron síntomas transitorios del nervio sural, esta complicación se evitaría en pacientes tratados de forma conservadora. Por esta razón, el tratamiento conservador asociado a un protocolo de rehabilitación con carga temprana debe considerarse una opción viable para pacientes con roturas del tendón de Aquiles, principalmente en pacientes jóvenes colaboradores.(AU)

Modification of the inverted flap technique compared to conventional internal limiting membrane peeling in complete macular hole surgery.

AIM: To describe the efficacy of a modification of the superior inverted flap technique, with maculorrhexis, in vitrectomy for full-thickness macular hole (MH) surgery compared to internal limiting membrane peeling (ILM). METHODS: Retrospective and comparative study of patients with MH. In group A, a superior ILM flap is created to cover the macular hole, and in group B conventional ILM peeling was performed. RESULTS: A total of 80 eyes were included (44 group A and 36 group B). MH closure occurred in 100% in group A and 91.67% in group B (p = 0.0869). There were more U-type closures in group A(90.91%) than in group B(58.33%), p = 0.0017. Both groups showed Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement at 3 and 6 months. At 3 months BCVA in group A was significantly better but at 6 months results were similar. Ellipsoid layer (EZ) recovery at 6 months was achieved in 81.82% patients in group A and 52.78% in B (p = 0.005), and external limiting membrane in 81.82% in group A and 69.44% in B (p = 0.1957). CONCLUSIONS: The superior inverted flap maculorrhexis technique is suitable for idiopathic MH treatment, with better anatomical and non-inferior functional results than the classic ILM peeling. It achieves functional recoveries earlier, better BCVA and greater gains at 3 months compared to the classic ILM peeling. It also obtains a higher number of U-shaped closures and higher EZ restorations.

Mechanistic studies of the palladium-catalyzed S,O-ligand promoted C-H olefination of aromatic compounds.

Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions of non-directed substrates have recently emerged as an attractive alternative to the use of directing groups. Key to the success of these transformations has been the discovery of new ligands capable of increasing both the reactivity of the inert C-H bond and the selectivity of the process. Among them, a new type of S,O-ligand has been shown to be highly efficient in promoting a variety of Pd-catalyzed C-H olefination reactions of non-directed arenes. Despite the success of this type of S,O-ligand, its role in the C-H functionalization processes is unknown. Herein, we describe a detailed mechanistic study focused on elucidating the role of the S,O-ligand in the Pd-catalyzed C-H olefination of non-directed arenes. For this purpose, several mechanistic tools, including isolation and characterization of reactive intermediates, NMR and kinetic studies, isotope effects and DFT calculations have been employed. The data from these experiments suggest that the C-H activation is the rate-determining step in both cases with and without the S,O-ligand. Furthermore, the results indicate that the S,O-ligand triggers the formation of more reactive Pd cationic species, which explains the observed acceleration of the reaction. Together, these studies shed light on the role of the S,O-ligand in promoting Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions.

Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications / Reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con sutura reabsorbible: resultados y complicaciones

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. Material and methods: Prospective cohort study including 52 patients treated for Achilles tendon ruptures (January 2016 to March 2019). Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional Achilles tendon ruptures. Diagnosis based on clinical criteria, confirmed by ultrasonography. Assessment using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) and ultrasound. Re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were collected. Results: VAS scoring (SD) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up (FU) were 2.63 (0.83), 1.79 (1.25), 0.69 (1.09) and 0.08 (0.39), respectively. Mean (SD) ATRS score was 92.45 points at 6 months (6.27) and 94.04 points at 12 months FU (4.59). Three re-ruptures (5.77%) occurred with a mean time between surgery and re-rupture of 108.75 days (SD 28.4), all of them within 4-month FU. No ruptures at the time to return to sports activity. Thirteen complications (25%) (3 re-ruptures, 1 superficial wound infection and 9 transitory sural nerve injuries). Conclusions: Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, these would be avoided with conservative treatment. Conservative treatment associated with an early weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with Achilles tendon ruptures, specially in cooperative young patients.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: El propósito es evaluar los resultados clínicos y complicaciones de la reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo incluyendo 52 pacientes tratados por rotura del tendón de Aquiles (enero 2016-marzo 2019). Criterios de inclusión: ≥18 años de edad, roturas no insercionales del tendón de Aquiles. Diagnóstico clínico y confirmado por ecografía. Evaluación mediante Escala Analógica Visual (EVA), puntuación de rotura del tendón de Aquiles (ATRS) y ecografía. Recopilación de tasas de re-rotura y complicaciones postoperatorias. Resultados: Puntuación EVA (DE) al mes, 3, 6 y 12 meses de seguimiento: 2,63 (0,83), 1,79 (1,25), 0,69 (1,09) y 0,08 (0,39). Media (DE) de la puntuación ATRS: 92,45 puntos a los 6 meses (6,27) y 94,04 puntos a los 12 meses (4,59). 3 re-roturas (5,77%) con tiempo medio entre cirugía y re-rotura de 108,75 días (DE 28,4), todas durante los 4 meses de seguimiento. No roturas a la reincorporación a la actividad deportiva. 13 complicaciones (25%) (3 re-roturas, 1 infección de herida superficial y 9 lesiones transitorias del nervio sural). Conclusiones: La reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles en pacientes con rotura aguda del tendón de Aquiles muestra buenos resultados funcionales; con alta incidencia de complicaciones. La mayoría de complicaciones fueron síntomas transitorios del nervio sural, que se evitarían en pacientes tratados conservadoramente. Asociado a un protocolo temprano de rehabilitación con carga, debe considerarse una opción, especialmente en pacientes jóvenes cooperadores.(AU)

[Artículo traducido] Reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con sutura reabsorbible: resultados y complicaciones / Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications

Antecedentes y objetivo: El propósito es evaluar los resultados clínicos y complicaciones de la reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo incluyendo 52 pacientes tratados por rotura del tendón de Aquiles (enero 2016-marzo 2019). Criterios de inclusión: ≥18 años de edad, roturas no insercionales del tendón de Aquiles. Diagnóstico clínico y confirmado por ecografía. Evaluación mediante Escala Analógica Visual (EVA), puntuación de rotura del tendón de Aquiles (ATRS) y ecografía. Recopilación de tasas de re-rotura y complicaciones postoperatorias. Resultados: Puntuación EVA (DE) al mes, 3, 6 y 12 meses de seguimiento: 2,63 (0,83), 1,79 (1,25), 0,69 (1,09) y 0,08 (0,39). Media (DE) de la puntuación ATRS: 92,45 puntos a los 6 meses (6,27) y 94,04 puntos a los 12 meses (4,59). 3 re-roturas (5,77%) con tiempo medio entre cirugía y re-rotura de 108,75 días (DE 28,4), todas durante los 4 meses de seguimiento. No roturas a la reincorporación a la actividad deportiva. 13 complicaciones (25%) (3 re-roturas, 1 infección de herida superficial y 9 lesiones transitorias del nervio sural). Conclusiones: La reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con suturas reabsorbibles en pacientes con rotura aguda del tendón de Aquiles muestra buenos resultados funcionales; con alta incidencia de complicaciones. La mayoría de complicaciones fueron síntomas transitorios del nervio sural, que se evitarían en pacientes tratados conservadoramente. Asociado a un protocolo temprano de rehabilitación con carga, debe considerarse una opción, especialmente en pacientes jóvenes cooperadores.(AU)

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. Material and methods: Prospective cohort study including 52 patients treated for Achilles tendon ruptures (January 2016 to March 2019). Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional Achilles tendon ruptures. Diagnosis based on clinical criteria, confirmed by ultrasonography. Assessment using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) and ultrasound. Re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were collected. Results: VAS scoring (SD) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up (FU) were 2.63 (0.83), 1.79 (1.25), 0.69 (1.09) and 0.08 (0.39), respectively. Mean (SD) ATRS score was 92.45 points at 6 months (6.27) and 94.04 points at 12 months FU (4.59). Three re-ruptures (5.77%) occurred with a mean time between surgery and re-rupture of 108.75 days (SD 28.4), all of them within 4-month FU. No ruptures at the time to return to sports activity. Thirteen complications (25%) (3 re-ruptures, 1 superficial wound infection and 9 transitory sural nerve injuries). Conclusions: Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, these would be avoided with conservative treatment. Conservative treatment associated with an early weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with Achilles tendon ruptures, specially in cooperative young patients.(AU)

Percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study including patients treated for an achilles tendon rupture from January 2016 to March 2019 was conducted. INCLUSION CRITERIA: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional (2-8cm proximal to insertion) achilles tendon ruptures. Open or partial ruptures were excluded. The diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and confirmed by ultrasonography in all patients. Epidemiological data, rupture and healing risk factors, previous diagnosis of tendinopathy, pre-rupture sport activity, job information, mechanism of rupture and the time in days between lesion and surgery were collected. Patients were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) at the 1, 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The achilles tendon rupture score (ATRS) were assessed at the 6 and 12 month follow-up. Ultrasound was performed at the 6-month follow-up. The re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were also collected. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with an acute achilles tendon rupture has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, this complication would be avoided in patients treated conservatively. For this reason, conservative treatment associated with an early weightbearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with achilles tendon ruptures, mainly in cooperative young patients.

Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study including 52 patients treated for Achilles tendon ruptures (January 2016 to March 2019). INCLUSION CRITERIA: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional Achilles tendon ruptures. Diagnosis based on clinical criteria, confirmed by ultrasonography. Assessment using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) and ultrasound. Re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were collected. RESULTS: VAS scoring (SD) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up (FU) were 2.63 (0.83), 1.79 (1.25), 0.69 (1.09) and 0.08 (0.39), respectively. Mean (SD) ATRS score was 92.45 points at 6 months (6.27) and 94.04 points at 12 months FU (4.59). Three re-ruptures (5.77%) occurred with a mean time between surgery and re-rupture of 108.75 days (SD 28.4), all of them within 4-month FU. No ruptures at the time to return to sports activity. Thirteen complications (25%) (3 re-ruptures, 1 superficial wound infection and 9 transitory sural nerve injuries). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, these would be avoided with conservative treatment. Conservative treatment associated with an early weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with Achilles tendon ruptures, specially in cooperative young patients.

Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications. / [Artículo traducido] Reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con sutura reabsorbible: resultados y complicaciones.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study including 52 patients treated for Achilles tendon ruptures (January 2016 to March 2019). INCLUSION CRITERIA: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional Achilles tendon ruptures. Diagnosis based on clinical criteria, confirmed by ultrasonography. Assessment using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) and ultrasound. Re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were collected. RESULTS: VAS scoring (SD) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up (FU) were 2.63 (0.83), 1.79 (1.25), 0.69 (1.09) and 0.08 (0.39), respectively. Mean (SD) ATRS score was 92.45 points at 6 months (6.27) and 94.04 points at 12 months FU (4.59). Three re-ruptures (5.77%) occurred with a mean time between surgery and re-rupture of 108.75 days (SD 28.4), all of them within 4-month FU. No ruptures at the time to return to sports activity. Thirteen complications (25%) (3 re-ruptures, 1 superficial wound infection and 9 transitory sural nerve injuries). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, these would be avoided with conservative treatment. Conservative treatment associated with an early weight-bearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with Achilles tendon ruptures, specially in cooperative young patients.

Percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable suture: Outcomes and complications. / Reparación percutánea del tendón de Aquiles con sutura reabsorbible: resultados y complicaciones.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study including patients treated for an achilles tendon rupture from January 2016 to March 2019 was conducted. INCLUSION CRITERIA: ≥18 years of age, non-insertional (2-8cm proximal to insertion) achilles tendon ruptures. Open or partial ruptures were excluded. The diagnosis was based on clinical criteria and confirmed by ultrasonography in all patients. Epidemiological data, rupture and healing risk factors, previous diagnosis of tendinopathy, pre-rupture sport activity, job information, mechanism of rupture and the time in days between lesion and surgery were collected. Patients were assessed using visual analogue scale at the 1, 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up. The achilles tendon rupture score were assessed at the 6 and 12 month follow-up. Ultrasound was performed at the 6-month follow-up. The re-rupture rate and postoperative complications were also collected. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous achilles tendon repair with absorbable sutures in patients with an acute achilles tendon rupture has shown good functional results but with a high incidence of complications. Although most complications were transitory sural nerve symptoms, this complication would be avoided in patients treated conservatively. For this reason, conservative treatment associated with an early weightbearing rehabilitation protocol should be considered a viable option for patients with achilles tendon ruptures, mainly in cooperative young patients.

Técnica modificada del flap invertido superior con vitrectomía versus vitrectomía con pelado de membrana limitante interna para el desprendimiento de retina con agujero macular miópico / Modified superior inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique with vitrectomy versus vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for retinal detachment with myopic macular hole

Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de la técnica del flap invertido superior de membrana limitante interna (MLI) modificada para el tratamiento del desprendimiento de retina (DR) por agujero macular (AM), comparada con el pelado clásico de la MLI. Materiales y métodos Análisis retrospectivo de 10 pacientes que requirieron vitrectomía pars plana por DR con AM. Se dividieron en dos grupos, según la técnica quirúrgica realizada: grupo del flap (5 pacientes) y de pelado de MLI (5 pacientes). Se comparó la agudeza visual mejor corregida (AVMC) pre y posquirúrgica, la resolución del DR, la tasa de cierre del AM y la restauración de las capas externas de la retina entre los grupos. Resultado La AVMC poscirugía mejoró en ambos grupos, sin diferencias significativas (p=0,9). La tasa de cierre del AM fue del 100% en el grupo del flap y del 80% del grupo de pelado de la MLI, sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos. La retina se reaplicó en el 100% de los casos en ambos grupos. Solo se restauraron las capas externas de la retina en 2 pacientes del grupo del flap invertido (40%) y en ninguno del grupo de pelado de la MLI (p=0,62). Conclusiones Las técnicas de pelado de MLI y del flap invertido superior modificada son útiles para el tratamiento del DR con agujero macular en ojos miopes (AU)

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of the modified superior inverted internal limiting (ILM) membrane flap technique in retinal reattachment, macular hole closure and external retinal layers restoration in macular hole associated retinal detachment compared to ILM peeling. Methods Retrospective case series of 10 patients that required pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment with macular hole followed for more than 12months. Data from medical records were retrospectively collected and patients were divided into the superior inverted flap (5 patients) and ILM peeling group (5 patients). We compared best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery, retinal attachment, macular hole closure rate and external retinal layer restoration between groups. Results There were significant improvements in BCVA in both groups before and after surgery, with no differences between the two groups at 12months after surgery (P=.9). The macular hole closed in 100% of cases in the inverted flap group and 80% of the ILM peeling group with no significant differences between groups. The retina was reattached in 100% of cases in both groups. Only 2 patients in the inverted flap group (40%) had external retinal layer restoration and none in ILM peeling group (P=.62). Conclusions ILM peeling and superior inverted flap techniques are useful for treating retinal detachment with macular hole in myopic eyes (AU)

Modified superior inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique with vitrectomy versus vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for retinal detachment with myopic macular hole.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the modified superior inverted internal limiting (ILM) membrane flap technique in retinal reattachment, macular hole closure and external retinal layers restoration in macular hole associated retinal detachment compared to ILM peeling. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 10 patients that required pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment with macular hole followed for more than 12 months. Data from medical records were retrospectively collected and patients were divided into the superior inverted flap (5 patients) and ILM peeling group (5 patients). We compared best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after surgery, retinal attachment, macular hole closure rate and external retinal layer restoration between groups. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in BCVA in both groups before and after surgery, with no differences between the two groups at 12 months after surgery (p=0.9). The macular hole closed in 100% of cases in the inverted flap group and 80% of the ILM peeling group with no significant differences between groups. The retina was reattached in 100% of cases in both groups. Only 2 patients in the inverted flap group (40%) had external retinal layer restoration and none in ILM peeling group (p=0.62). CONCLUSIONS: ILM peeling and superior inverted flap techniques are useful for treating retinal detachment with macular hole in myopic eyes.

S,O-Ligand Promoted meta-C-H Arylation of Anisole Derivatives via Palladium/Norbornene Catalysis.

Reversing the conventional site-selectivity of C-H activation processes provides new retrosynthetic disconnections to otherwise unreactive bonds. Here, we report a new catalytic system based on palladium/norbornene and an S,O-ligand for the meta-C-H arylation of aryl ethers that significantly outperforms previously reported systems. We demonstrate the unique ability of this system to employ alkoxyarene substrates bearing electron donating and withdrawing substituents. Additionally, ortho-substituted aryl ethers are well tolerated, overcoming the "ortho constraint", which is the necessity to have a meta-substituent on the alkoxyarene to achieve high reaction efficiency, by enlisting novel norbornene mediators. Remarkably, for the first time the monoarylation of alkoxyarenes is achieved efficiently enabling the subsequent introduction of a second, different aryl coupling partner to rapidly furnish unsymmetrical terphenyls. Further insight into the reaction mechanism was achieved by isolation and characterization of some Pd-complexes-before and after meta C-H activation-prior to evaluation of their respective catalytic activities.

Removal efficiency for emerging contaminants in a WWTP from Madrid (Spain) after secondary and tertiary treatment and environmental impact on the Manzanares River.

The effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be an important contamination source for receiving waters. In this work, a comprehensive study on the impact of a WWTP from Madrid on the aquatic environment has been performed, including a wide number of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, among them those included in the European Watch List. 24-h composite samples of influent (IWW) and effluent wastewater after secondary (EWW2) and after secondary + tertiary treatment (EWW3) were monitored along two campaigns. Average weekly concentrations in IWW and EWW2 and EWW3 allowed estimating the removal efficiency of the WWTP for pharmaceutical active substances (PhACs). In addition, the impact of EWW3 on the water quality of the Manzanares River was assessed, in terms of PhAC and pesticide concentrations, through analysis of the river water collected upstream and downstream of the discharge point. After a preliminary risk assessment, a detailed evaluation of the impact on the aquatic environment, including a toxicological study and screening of pharmaceutical metabolites, was made for the seven most relevant PhACs: sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and clarithromycin (antibiotics), metoprolol (antihypertensive), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory/analgesic), irbesartan (antihypertensive), and the antidepressant venlafaxine. Among selected PhACs, irbesartan, clarithromycin and venlafaxine presented moderate or high risk in the river water downstream of the discharge. Albeit no acute toxicity was detected, more detailed studies should be carried out for these substances, including additional toxicological studies, to set up potential sublethal and chronic effects on aquatic organisms.

Selective Para-C-H Alkynylation of Aniline Derivatives by Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis.

Herein, we report a nondirected para-selective C-H alkynylation of aniline derivatives by a Pd/S,O-ligand-based catalyst. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and is compatible with a variety of substituted anilines. The scalability and further derivatizations of the alkynylated products have been also demonstrated.